{"id":8937,"date":"2026-11-13T08:41:51","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T08:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/?p=8937"},"modified":"2026-11-13T08:41:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T08:41:51","slug":"health-requirements-under-the-factories-act-1948","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/health-requirements-under-the-factories-act-1948\/","title":{"rendered":"Health Requirements Under the Factories Act, 1948"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Maintaining a healthy working environment is an important responsibility for every factory owner and employer. However, factory health requirements extend beyond providing basic medical facilities or conducting occasional employee health checkups.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">From workplace cleanliness and ventilation to safe drinking water, sanitation and occupational health monitoring, factories need systematic measures to protect workers from health hazards.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/what-is-factories-act-1948\/\"><strong>Factories Act, 1948<\/strong><\/a> established important standards for worker health, hygiene, safety and welfare in Indian factories. In particular, Chapter III, Sections 11 to 20, addressed ten essential workplace health requirements.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Although the Act has since been repealed and replaced by the <a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/indias-oshwc-2020-everything-you-need-to-know-2\/\"><strong>Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020<\/strong>,<\/a> effective from 21 November 2025, its health provisions remain an important reference for understanding factory health management.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">In this blog, we explain the health requirements under the Factories Act, 1948, their importance for factory operations and how employers can approach occupational health compliance under the updated legal framework.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">What Are the Health Requirements Under the Factories Act, 1948?<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The health provisions under the Factories Act, 1948 were primarily covered under <strong>Chapter III, Sections 11 to 20<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">These provisions were introduced to ensure that factory workers had access to a hygienic and reasonably healthy working environment, particularly in industrial settings involving dust, heat, fumes, chemicals and other occupational hazards.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">List of Health Provisions Under the Factories Act, 1948<\/h3>\n<table data-pm-slice=\"3 3 []\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Section<\/th>\n<th>Health Requirement<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 11<\/td>\n<td>Cleanliness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 12<\/td>\n<td>Disposal of wastes and effluents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 13<\/td>\n<td>Ventilation and temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 14<\/td>\n<td>Dust and fume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 15<\/td>\n<td>Artificial humidification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 16<\/td>\n<td>Overcrowding<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 17<\/td>\n<td>Lighting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 18<\/td>\n<td>Drinking water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 19<\/td>\n<td>Latrines and urinals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 20<\/td>\n<td>Spittoons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">These provisions addressed physical workplace conditions that could directly or indirectly affect employee health.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">1. Cleanliness in Factories \u2013 Section 11<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 11 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.labour.gov.in\/static\/uploads\/2025\/06\/b878b8d9f3d9abc62fbe0a6c92f606e3.pdf\">Factories Act, 1948<\/a> required factories to maintain cleanliness throughout their premises.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The provision covered the removal of dirt, waste and other unhygienic conditions from working areas, including floors, passages, staircases and workrooms.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Under the original Act, the main requirements included:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Daily removal of accumulated dirt and refuse from specified working areas.<\/li>\n<li>Cleaning workroom floors at least once a week using an effective method.<\/li>\n<li>Providing drainage where manufacturing processes made floors excessively wet.<\/li>\n<li>Periodic cleaning, painting or whitewashing of walls, ceilings and other surfaces according to the prescribed intervals.<\/li>\n<li>Maintaining records of specified cleaning and maintenance activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Why is cleanliness important in factories?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Poor housekeeping can contribute to contamination, slippery floors, pest infestations and unhealthy working conditions. Additionally, accumulated industrial waste may increase employees&#8217; exposure to harmful substances.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Therefore, factories should implement documented housekeeping schedules, periodic inspections and appropriate cleaning procedures.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">2. Disposal of Wastes and Effluents \u2013 Section 12<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Manufacturing processes can generate solid waste, wastewater, chemical residues and other industrial effluents.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 12 required factories to make effective arrangements for treating wastes and effluents generated during manufacturing operations and disposing of them in a manner that rendered them harmless.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">From an occupational health perspective, factories should consider:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Safe collection and segregation of industrial waste.<\/li>\n<li>Appropriate treatment and disposal of manufacturing effluents.<\/li>\n<li>Measures to prevent workers from coming into contact with hazardous waste.<\/li>\n<li>Regular inspection of waste collection and disposal areas.<\/li>\n<li>Compliance with applicable environmental and hazardous waste regulations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Improper waste management can expose workers to chemicals, contaminated water and other potentially harmful materials.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Consequently, waste management should be integrated into a factory&#8217;s occupational health and environmental safety procedures.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">3. Ventilation and Temperature \u2013 Section 13<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Adequate ventilation and suitable working temperatures are essential for maintaining a healthy industrial environment.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 13 required effective and suitable provisions for adequate ventilation through the circulation of fresh air and for maintaining temperatures that provided reasonable comfort and prevented injury to workers&#8217; health.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Factories may face challenges such as excessive heat, poor airflow, high humidity and inadequate ventilation.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Important Measures for Maintaining Ventilation<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide effective natural or mechanical ventilation according to the manufacturing process.<\/li>\n<li>Monitor heat-generating machinery and surrounding work areas.<\/li>\n<li>Install appropriate exhaust systems where necessary.<\/li>\n<li>Assess employee exposure to excessive workplace temperatures.<\/li>\n<li>Implement suitable measures to reduce heat stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">For example, workers in foundries, fabrication units and other heat-intensive manufacturing environments may be exposed to high workplace temperatures.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Therefore, effective ventilation, heat-control measures and suitable work practices are important for reducing occupational health risks.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">4. Control of Dust and Fumes \u2013 Section 14<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Dust, smoke, gases and chemical fumes are common occupational hazards in several manufacturing industries.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 14 required effective measures to prevent the inhalation and accumulation of harmful dust and fumes generated during manufacturing processes.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Where necessary, factories were required to use suitable exhaust arrangements, including systems positioned close to the source of dust or fumes.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Common Sources of Occupational Exposure<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Welding and metal fabrication.<\/li>\n<li>Chemical manufacturing and processing.<\/li>\n<li>Cement and mineral processing.<\/li>\n<li>Grinding and polishing operations.<\/li>\n<li>Paint manufacturing and coating processes.<\/li>\n<li>Dust-producing textile and woodworking operations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Prolonged exposure to certain airborne contaminants may contribute to respiratory irritation, occupational asthma, lung disease or other health problems.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">As a result, employers should evaluate workplace exposure risks and introduce suitable engineering controls, monitoring and protective equipment.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Occupational health consideration:<\/strong> Where workers are exposed to respiratory hazards, medical surveillance may include pulmonary function tests (PFT) and other investigations determined by occupational risk, medical advice and applicable regulations.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">5. Artificial Humidification \u2013 Section 15<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Certain manufacturing processes require controlled humidity to maintain production conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">For instance, textile and other industrial operations may use artificial humidification systems.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 15 empowered State Governments to prescribe standards concerning humidification, including permissible humidity levels, testing methods and ventilation requirements.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Additionally, the original Act addressed the quality of water used for artificial humidification.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\">Factories using such systems should consider:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Monitoring humidity levels in workrooms.<\/li>\n<li>Ensuring appropriate ventilation.<\/li>\n<li>Maintaining humidification equipment.<\/li>\n<li>Preventing contamination of water used in humidification systems.<\/li>\n<li>Following applicable technical and regulatory standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Proper maintenance of humidification systems is important because poorly maintained equipment may contribute to unhealthy indoor working conditions.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">6. Prevention of Overcrowding \u2013 Section 16<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Overcrowded workplaces can negatively affect ventilation, movement and employee comfort.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 16 prohibited overcrowding in factory workrooms to an extent that could be injurious to workers&#8217; health.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The original provision also specified minimum cubic space requirements per worker, subject to the age of the factory and permitted exemptions.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Why Should Factories Prevent Overcrowding?<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Adequate workplace space can help:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Improve air circulation.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Reduce congestion around machinery.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Support safer movement of employees.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Improve access to emergency exits.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Provide suitable working conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Therefore, factory management should assess workroom occupancy, equipment placement and available space when planning production layouts.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Current space requirements should be verified against applicable rules and occupational safety standards rather than relying solely on the historical numerical limits.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">7. Adequate Lighting \u2013 Section 17<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Lighting plays an important role in worker safety, comfort and productivity.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Under Section 17, factories were required to maintain sufficient and suitable lighting in places where workers worked or passed.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The provision also addressed the prevention of excessive glare and shadows that could cause eyestrain or increase accident risks.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Recommended Workplace Lighting Practices<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide suitable illumination for manufacturing and inspection tasks.<\/li>\n<li>Maintain lights in workrooms, corridors and passageways.<\/li>\n<li>Minimize glare and problematic shadows.<\/li>\n<li>Clean and maintain lighting fixtures.<\/li>\n<li>Assess lighting conditions in precision work areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">For example, employees performing assembly, machine operation or quality inspection may require task-specific lighting.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Consequently, factories should evaluate illumination levels according to the nature of work and applicable lighting standards.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">8. Safe Drinking Water \u2013 Section 18<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental workplace health requirement.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 18 required factories to provide and maintain sufficient wholesome drinking water at conveniently located points accessible to workers.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Under the original Act, drinking water points had to be appropriately marked and separated from potential contamination sources. Specific provisions also applied to factories employing more than 250 workers, including arrangements for cool drinking water during hot weather.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Drinking Water Management Practices<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\">Factories should ensure that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 [&quot;list&quot;,{&quot;spread&quot;:false,&quot;start&quot;:10390,&quot;end&quot;:10654},&quot;regular_list_item&quot;,{&quot;start&quot;:10390,&quot;end&quot;:10441}]\">Drinking water is suitable for human consumption.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 [&quot;list&quot;,{&quot;spread&quot;:false,&quot;start&quot;:10390,&quot;end&quot;:10654},&quot;regular_list_item&quot;,{&quot;start&quot;:10442,&quot;end&quot;:10512}]\">Water storage tanks and dispensing systems are regularly maintained.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 [&quot;list&quot;,{&quot;spread&quot;:false,&quot;start&quot;:10390,&quot;end&quot;:10654},&quot;regular_list_item&quot;,{&quot;start&quot;:10513,&quot;end&quot;:10563}]\">Drinking water points are accessible to workers.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 [&quot;list&quot;,{&quot;spread&quot;:false,&quot;start&quot;:10390,&quot;end&quot;:10654},&quot;regular_list_item&quot;,{&quot;start&quot;:10564,&quot;end&quot;:10604}]\">Water quality is tested when required.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 [&quot;list&quot;,{&quot;spread&quot;:false,&quot;start&quot;:10390,&quot;end&quot;:10654},&quot;regular_list_item&quot;,{&quot;start&quot;:10605,&quot;end&quot;:10654}]\">Water sources are protected from contamination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">In industrial environments involving physical work and elevated temperatures, reliable drinking water arrangements also support employee hydration and heat-stress prevention.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">9. Latrines and Urinals \u2013 Section 19<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 19 of the Factories Act addressed the provision and maintenance of sanitation facilities for factory workers.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The original Act required sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation, suitable access, separate facilities for male and female workers, adequate lighting and ventilation, and proper cleanliness.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Under the current OSH Code, Section 23 also addresses adequate and hygienic latrine and urinal facilities, including separate arrangements for male, female and transgender employees as prescribed.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Essential Factory Sanitation Practices<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide sufficient and accessible toilet facilities.<\/li>\n<li>Maintain appropriate hygiene and cleaning schedules.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure proper ventilation and lighting.<\/li>\n<li>Arrange regular inspection and maintenance.<\/li>\n<li>Provide necessary handwashing arrangements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Unhygienic sanitation facilities can contribute to employee discomfort and the spread of infections.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Therefore, sanitation should be included in routine workplace health inspections.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">10. Provision of Spittoons \u2013 Section 20<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 20 required factories to provide a sufficient number of spittoons at convenient locations and maintain them in a clean and hygienic condition.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 20 required factories to provide a sufficient number of spittoons at convenient locations and maintain them in a clean and hygienic condition.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The objective was to discourage unhygienic practices that could contribute to contamination.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Today, factories should maintain appropriate hygiene policies, discourage public spitting and promote employee awareness of infection prevention and workplace sanitation.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The specific requirements under the current legal framework should be assessed separately from the historical provisions of Section 20.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Other Important Occupational Health Requirements for Factories<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Although Sections 11 to 20 focused primarily on workplace hygiene and environmental conditions, other provisions of the Factories Act addressed medical facilities, occupational disease monitoring and worker welfare.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">These areas remain relevant to employers planning occupational healthcare arrangements.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">1. First Aid Facilities \u2013 Former Section 45<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 45 of the original Factories Act required accessible first-aid boxes or cupboards during working hours.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Historically, the central provision specified:<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 45 of the original Factories Act required accessible first-aid boxes or cupboards during working hours.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Historically, the central provision specified:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">At least one first-aid box or cupboard for every 150 workers ordinarily employed at any one time.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">First-aid boxes managed by responsible persons holding recognized first-aid qualifications.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Ambulance rooms with prescribed medical equipment and staffing in factories ordinarily employing more than 500 workers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">These figures describe the former statutory provisions and should not be treated as a complete statement of current obligations.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/dgfasli.gov.in\/public\/Admin\/Cms\/AllPdf\/650059fbb8f1a9.98699174.pdf\">OSH Code, 2020,<\/a> Section 24 addresses first-aid facilities and empowers the prescription of further welfare and medical arrangements.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">2. Occupational Health Centres and Medical Officers<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Factories involving hazardous processes or other specified industrial risks may require occupational healthcare arrangements.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Depending on applicable rules, workforce size and the nature of operations, these arrangements can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Occupational Health Centres (OHCs).<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Qualified factory medical officers.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Nursing and other medical support.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Occupational health monitoring.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Medical equipment and emergency treatment facilities.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Proper maintenance of occupational medical records.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">However, <strong>an OHC or full-time medical officer is not automatically mandatory for every factory<\/strong>. The applicable requirements depend on the industry, hazards, workforce and relevant regulations.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">3. Pre-Employment and Periodic Medical Examinations<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Medical examinations are particularly important for workers exposed to occupational hazards.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Under the current OSH Code, Section 6(1)(c) addresses free annual health examinations for prescribed categories of employees.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Furthermore, Section 85(c) addresses medical examinations for workers assigned to hazardous substance-related jobs, including examinations before assignment and periodic examinations at intervals not exceeding 12 months, as prescribed by the State Government.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Depending on occupational exposure and medical recommendations, examinations may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/blood-tests-for-employees-in-india-as-per-the-factories-act\/\">Complete Blood Count (CBC).<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/lung-function-pft-tests-for-employees-in-india-as-per-the-factories-act\/\">Pulmonary Function Test (PFT).<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/audiometry-tests-for-employees-in-india-as-per-the-factories-act\/\">Audiometry.<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/eye-and-vision-tests-for-employees-in-india-under-the-factories-act\/\">Vision examination.<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/ecg-tests-for-employees-in-india-as-per-the-factories-act\/\">ECG<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Urine examination.<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Other job-specific clinical and diagnostic investigations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The exact examination package should be determined by applicable law, worker exposure and occupational medical assessment. Not every test is mandatory for every employee.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">4. Occupational Disease Reporting<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Certain diseases associated with occupational exposure require formal reporting under applicable law.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Under the original Factories Act, Section 89 dealt with the notification of specified occupational diseases.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The current OSH Code contains corresponding reporting provisions under Section 12.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Therefore, factories should maintain appropriate procedures for identifying suspected occupational illnesses, arranging medical assessments and reporting notifiable diseases when required.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">How Have Factory Health Requirements Changed Under the OSH Code, 2020?<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 consolidates several earlier labour laws, including the Factories Act, 1948.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The Code came into force on 21 November 2025 and provides the current central statutory framework for occupational safety, health and working conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Important provisions include:<\/p>\n<table data-pm-slice=\"3 3 []\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>OSH Code Section<\/th>\n<th>Key Area<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 6<\/td>\n<td>General duties of employers, including prescribed health examinations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 12<\/td>\n<td>Notification of certain occupational diseases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 18<\/td>\n<td>Occupational safety and health standards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 23<\/td>\n<td>Health, hygiene, ventilation, sanitation and working conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 24<\/td>\n<td>Welfare facilities, including first aid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 82<\/td>\n<td>Dangerous operations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Section 85<\/td>\n<td>Medical examinations and health records for hazardous processes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Importantly, the Code also includes savings provisions for certain earlier rules, notifications and regulatory actions.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Therefore, employers should review the Code alongside applicable rules, continuing provisions, notifications and directions issued by the relevant authorities.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">For factories in Karnataka, this includes assessing the applicable State-level occupational safety and health requirements.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Factory Health Compliance Checklist for HR and EHS Managers<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">HR Managers, EHS Officers, Plant Heads and factory management teams can use the following checklist as a starting point for reviewing occupational health arrangements:<\/p>\n<div class=\"task-list-item-content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Review cleanliness and housekeeping arrangements.<\/li>\n<li>Verify safe drinking water availability and maintenance.<\/li>\n<li>Inspect ventilation, temperature and humidity conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Assess exposure to industrial dust, fumes and chemicals.<\/li>\n<li>Review workplace lighting and overcrowding risks.<\/li>\n<li>Inspect sanitation and handwashing facilities.<\/li>\n<li>Evaluate waste and effluent management arrangements.<\/li>\n<li>Verify first-aid facilities and trained personnel.<\/li>\n<li>Review medical staffing and OHC requirements, where applicable.<\/li>\n<li>Schedule legally required and risk-based medical examinations.<\/li>\n<li>Maintain appropriate occupational health records and statutory documentation.<\/li>\n<li>Review occupational disease reporting and emergency response procedures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">This checklist is a practical management aid and not a substitute for the full requirements of applicable legislation.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">How VMEDO Helps Factories Manage Occupational Health Requirements<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Maintaining a healthy workplace requires coordination between factory management, HR teams, EHS professionals and qualified healthcare providers.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>VMEDO Healthcare<\/strong> provides occupational health and wellness services for factories and industrial establishments in Bangalore and across Karnataka.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Our services include:<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Occupational Health Centre Setup and Staffing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>VMEDO supports factories with OHC setup, qualified doctors, nurses, medical equipment and occupational health centre management according to organizational requirements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Employee Medical Examinations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>VMEDO helps organize pre-employment, periodic and occupational risk-based medical examinations, including on-site medical examination camps and medical fitness reporting<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>First Aid, CPR and Emergency Response Training<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>VMEDO provides practical training programs for factory workers, first aiders and emergency response teams to strengthen workplace emergency preparedness.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Standby Ambulance and Emergency Medical Support<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>VMEDO supports industrial organizations with standby ambulance arrangements and emergency medical preparedness.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">These services help factories manage occupational healthcare activities and support compliance efforts, while statutory responsibility remains with the employer.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">To learn more, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/\">VMEDO Healthcare<\/a> or explore our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/how-to-set-up-an-occupational-health-center-ohc-as-per-factories-act-1948\/\">setting up an Occupational Health Centre<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">FAQs: Health Requirements Under the Factories Act, 1948<\/h2>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">1. What are the main health requirements under the Factories Act, 1948?<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Chapter III, Sections 11 to 20 of the original Factories Act covered cleanliness, waste disposal, ventilation, dust and fumes, artificial humidification, overcrowding, lighting, drinking water, sanitation and spittoons.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">2. Which section of the Factories Act deals with cleanliness?<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Section 11 dealt with cleanliness in factories, including the removal of dirt and refuse, cleaning workroom floors and maintaining specified building surfaces.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">3. Are annual medical checkups mandatory for all factory workers?<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">There is no single universal medical test package prescribed for every factory worker. Under the current OSH Code, annual health examinations apply to categories prescribed under the relevant rules. Workers in hazardous processes and dangerous operations may be subject to specific pre-employment and periodic medical examination requirements irrespective of age.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">4. Is an Occupational Health Centre mandatory in every factory?<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">No. The requirement for an OHC or specified medical staffing depends on factors such as hazardous processes, workforce strength and applicable rules. Employers should verify the requirements applicable to their establishments.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">5. What is the current law governing factory health requirements in India?<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 came into force on 21 November 2025 and repealed the Factories Act, 1948. Applicable rules, saved provisions and regulatory directions must also be considered.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">6. Who is responsible for maintaining health and hygiene in a factory?<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The employer and other legally responsible duty holders must ensure compliance with applicable occupational health and safety requirements. HR and EHS teams may coordinate compliance activities, but this does not remove the employer&#8217;s statutory responsibilities.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The health requirements under the Factories Act, 1948 established an important foundation for workplace hygiene and occupational health management in India.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">From cleanliness and ventilation to sanitation, drinking water and exposure control, these provisions highlighted the importance of maintaining healthy working conditions in industrial environments.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Although the legal framework has transitioned to the <strong>Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020<\/strong>, the underlying objective remains the same: protecting workers from preventable occupational health risks.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">For factory owners, HR Managers and EHS professionals, understanding these requirements is an important step towards creating healthier, safer and better-managed workplaces.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><em>VMEDO &#8211; Occupational Health &amp; Wellness Experts!<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><em>Legal reference: This article explains provisions of the historical Factories Act, 1948 and the OSH Code, 2020. Actual obligations depend on applicable rules, notifications, industry classification and establishment-specific circumstances. It should not be treated as a legal compliance certificate.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"task-list-item-content\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maintaining a healthy working environment is an important responsibility for every factory owner and employer. However, factory health requirements extend beyond providing basic medical facilities<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,573,12,16],"tags":[1788,1786,1787],"class_list":["post-8937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate-services","category-health-care","category-information","category-well-being","tag-health-requirement-for-a-factory-under-factories-act-1948","tag-health-requirements","tag-health-requirements-for-a-factory"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>Health Requirements Under the Factories Act, 1948 - VMEDO Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore health requirements under the Factories Act, 1948, including hygiene, ventilation, medical checkups and compliance.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vmedo.com\/blog\/health-requirements-under-the-factories-act-1948\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Health Requirements Under the Factories Act, 1948 - 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